Almost all inexpensive commercial LED flashlights use a 4.5V power supply—three AA or AAA batteries—because white LEDs require 3.3 to 3.5V to fully turn on. Thus ...
High efficiency white LEDs have advanced to the point where they can replace glow bulbs and other light sources not only as indicators, but also for illumination. While many of the claims made about ...
Introduction Electricity powers many of the devices you use every day. Those devices are made up of circuits, ranging from very simple (such as a lamp with a single lightbulb) to very complex (such as ...