Soil-borne diseases are plant diseases caused by pathogenic organisms that live and survive in the soil. These pathogens attack plant roots, stems, and underground parts, leading to poor growth, reduced yield, and sometimes complete crop failure. Because they persist in the soil for long periods, soil-borne diseases are among the most difficult problems to manage in agriculture and orchards. 🔬 Major Causes of Soil-Borne Diseases Soil-borne diseases are mainly caused by: 1️⃣ Fungi Fusarium spp.